Nye bøker fra biblioteket på Arkeologisk museum

Binford. (2001). Constructing frames of reference : an analytical method for archaeological theory building using hunter-gatherer and environmental data sets

Many consider Lewis Binford to be the single most influential figure in archaeology in the last half-century. His contributions to the 'New Archaeology' changed the course of the field, as he argued for the development of a scientifically rigorous framework to guide the excavation and interpretation of the archaeological record. This book, the culmination of Binford's intellectual legacy thus far, presents a detailed description of his methodology and its significance for understanding hunter-gatherer cultures on a global basis. This landmark publication will be an important step in understanding the great process of cultural evolution and will change the way archaeology proceeds as a scientific enterprise. This work provides a major synthesis of an enormous body of cultural and environmental information and offers many original insights into the past. Binford helped pioneer what is now called 'ethnoarchaeology' - the study of living societies to help explain cultural patterns in the archaeological record - and this book is grounded on a detailed analysis of ethnographic data from about 340 historically known hunter-gatherer populations. The methodological framework based on this data will reshape the paradigms through which we understand human culture for years to come.

Brooks, & Eastop, D. (2011). Changing views of textile conservation

This title offers an insightful collection of critically important readings on the concepts and practices of textile conservation. This fourth volume in "The Readings in Conservation series" aims to promote critical thinking about the concepts and practices of textile conservation and to encourage engagement with new issues. Recognizing conservation as a dynamic social force, the volume draws attention to the cultural significance of textiles and dress and to the importance of textile conservation.The 81 readings illustrate not only the intellectual foundations but also the important changes in conservation practice.

Ellis, & Getty Conservation Institute. (2014). Historical perspectives in the conservation of works of art on paper

This book is the seventh in the Readings in Conservation series, which gathers and publishes texts that have been influential in the development of thinking about the conservation of cultural heritage. The present volume provides a selection of more than ninety-five texts tracing the development of the conservation of works of art on paper. Comprehensive and thorough, the book relates how paper conservation has responded to the changing place of prints and drawings in society. The readings include a remarkable range of historical selections from texts such as Renaissance printmaker Ugo da Carpi's sixteenth-century petition to the Venetian senate on his invention of chiaroscuro, Thomas Churchyard's 1588 essay in verse "A Sparke of Frendship and Warme Goodwill," and Robert Bell's 1773 piece "Observations Relative to the Manufacture of Paper and Printed Books in the Province of Pennsylvania." These are complemented by influential writings by such figures as A. H. Munsell, Walter Benjamin, and Jacques Derrida, along with a generous representation of recent scholarship. Each reading is introduced by short remarks explaining the rationale for its selection and the principal matters covered, and the book is supplemented with a helpful bibliography. This volume is an indispensable tool for museum curators, conservators, and students and teachers of the conservation of works of art on paper.

Muñoz Viñas. (2020). On the ethics of cultural heritage conservation

In this book, Lee A. Newsom offers an overview of wood in archaeology --how and where it is preserved and analyzed, its relevance to paleoecological and paleoenvironmental questions, as well as its role as an important source of information in modern archaeological science and related historical disciplines. Her book addresses a range of questions about wood reliance practices, sustainability, and the overall relevance of forest ecosystems to past cultures and cultural evolution. Newsom provides a step-by-step treatment of archaeological analysis with clear explanations and examples from various corners of the world. She also shows how the study of archaeological wood is relevant to modern restoration ecology and conservation biology that tracks long-term ancient ecosystems, including questions of global change. Demonstrating the vital role of wood and timber resources to past human societies, her book will interest scholars and students of archaeology, historical ecology, paleoecology, and wood science.

Østigård. (2022). The magic of death : corpsepower and indo-europeanisation in Late Bronze Age Sweden

This theoretical analysis of ritual, religion and processes of holiness and Indo-Europeanisation examines how celestial and terrestrial perspectives are united in functional and substantive approaches. Scandinavian Bronze Age religion was firmly rooted in an agricultural cosmology that integrated the seasonality of the sun into changing water worlds throughout the winter. Through a study of the enigmatic Late Bronze Age sites Håga and Nibble in Sweden, the concept of corpsepower is developed. Life had its origin in death and the corpse was the most powerful source of life. In Indo-European and agricultural traditions, the cosmological power inherent in the dead body was the ultimate cosmological force that ensured future fertility and successful harvests. Death was a ritual and a cosmological intensification aimed at creating continuity between the agricultural seasons and inciting the life-giving forces in nature. Death was not merely an end or a form of closure; the corpse was a means of acquiring wealth and health. Death was doing and magic was the work of the ancestors.

Olsen, Burström, M., DeSilvey, C., & Þóra Pétursdóttir. (2021). After discourse : things, affects, ethics

After Discourse is an interdisciplinary response to the recent trend away from linguistic and textual approaches and towards things and their affects.

The new millennium brought about serious changes to the intellectual landscape. Favoured approaches associated with the linguistic and the textual turn lost some of their currency, and were followed by a new curiosity and concern for things and their natures. Gathering contributions from archaeology, heritage studies, history, geography, literature and philosophy, After Discourse offers a range of reflections on what things are, how we become affected by them, and the ethical concerns they give rise to. Through a varied constellation of case studies, it explores ways of dealing with matters which fall outside, become othered from, or simply cannot be grasped through perspectives derived solely from language and discourse.

After Discourse provides challenging new perspectives for scholars and students interested in other-than-textual encounters between people and the objects with which we share the world.

Macane. (2022). Stone age companions : humans and animals in hunter-gatherer burials in north-eastern Europe

This thesis examines the relationships between humans and animals in their mutual environment and how these relationships were expressed in the burial practices of northern foragers. The empirical research material consists of animal remains, particularly animal tooth pendants, deposited in graves at Zvejnieki (Latvia), Skateholm I and II (Sweden) and Sakhtysh II and IIa (Russia) cemeteries. The Zvejnieki cemetery (8th–3rd millennium cal BC) represents the largest assemblage and has a central place in this study, while Skateholm (ca. 5600–4800 cal BC) and Sakhtysh (5th – early 3rd millennium cal BC) provide additional material from more narrowly delimited periods and different geographical areas. T he interdisciplinary toolkit includes a re-evaluation of previous zoo-osteological analyses and their supplementation with new ones, an extensive archival and literature survey, as well as a spatial and contextual analysis of the cemeteries and each excavated burial. The interpretative framework builds on the relational approach and hunter-gatherer ontologies, and the relationship between humans and animals is approached through the perspective of companionship. In this thesis, animals are considered not only as a source of food and raw materials, but as companion species that inhabited a shared landscape with humans. Ungulates, notably elk, wild boar and red deer, were the most widespread animals in burials, especially during the 8th–6th millennium cal BC. An increase in the diversity of species in burials, particularly of carnivores, can be seen starting from the 5th millennium cal BC. This is partially paralleled by a shift from animal tooth pendants to more strongly modified artefact forms made from other animal remains (bone and antler). The relationships with animal species at each site were shaped by multiple factors, including environmental and ecological conditions (availability of particular species) and the socio-cultural context (preferences and restrictions arising from traditions and cosmological concepts). Ungulate incisors and carnivore canines are most commonly used for making pendants, but local preferences for the use of other bones, such as beaver astragali, bird wing bones, and red deer antlers, can also be observed. The study shows that fragmentation and selection of specific body parts was important, and that animal individuality and personality were essential to establishing relationships between them and humans. Animal-derived materials had a central role in mediating social communication and cosmological beliefs. They were not just ornaments of the body or wrappings, but their materiality and embedded qualities suggest multiple potential uses, including social identification, protection and transformation. Reading all of this from a companionship perspective shows that human–animal relationships were ontologically fundamental for the Stone Age hunter-gatherers, while at the same time being rather fluid and situational. Companionship in Stone Age north-eastern Europe was forged at an individual level, and both humans and animals participated in the creation of interspecies relationships and environments. Despite the spatial, temporal and cultural variation, animal companions were never far away from the Stone Age hunter-gatherers.

Chitty. (2017). Heritage, conservation and communities : engagement, participation and capacity building

Public participation and local community involvement have taken centre stage in heritage practice in recent decades. In contrast with this established position in wider heritage work, public engagement with conservation practice is less well developed. The focus here is on conservation as the practical care of material cultural heritage, with all its associated significance for local people. How can we be more successful in building capacity for local ownership and leadership of heritage conservation projects, as well as improving participative involvement in decisions and in practice?

This book presents current research and practice in community-led conservation. It illustrates that outcomes of locally-led, active participation show demonstrable social, educational and personal benefits for participants. Bringing together UK and international case studies, the book combines analysis of theoretical and applied approaches, exploring the lived experiences of conservation projects in and with different communities. Responding to the need for deeper understanding of the outcomes of heritage conservation, it examines the engagement of local people and communities beyond the expert and specialist domain.

Highlighting the advances in this important aspect of contemporary heritage practice, this book is a key resource for practitioners in heritage studies, conservation and heritage management. It is also relevant for the practising professional, student or university researcher in an emerging field that overarches professional and academic practice.

Hayes, & Getty Conservation Institute. (2021). The Renaissance restored : paintings conservation and the birth of modern art history in nineteenth-century Europe

Repairing works of art and writing about them-the practices that became art conservation and art history-share a common ancestry. This handsomely illustrated volume charts the intersections between the two fields in the treatment of Italian Renaissance paintings in nineteenth-century Europe and proposes a model for a new conservation history.

Dixon, & Theune, C. (2021). Seasonal settlement : in the Medieval and Early modern countryside: Vol. XIII

For the first time seasonality is placed at the centre of the study of rural settlement. Using a Europe-wide approach, it provides a primer of examples, of techniques and of ideas for the identification and understanding of seasonal settlement. As such, it marks an important new step in the interpretation of the use of the countryside by historic communities linked to the annual passage of the year. The particular studies are introduced by an opening essay which draws wider conclusions about the study of seasonal settlement, followed by 31 papers by authors from all parts of Europe and beyond.

By its very nature ephemeral, seasonal settlement in the medieval and early modern periods is less well researched than permanent settlement. It is often presumed that seasonal settlement is the result of transhumance, but it was only one facet of seasonal settlement. It was also necessitated by other forms of economic activity, such as fishing, charcoal-burning, or iron-smelting, including settlements of pastoralists such as nomads, drovers, herders as well as labourers’ huts within the farming context. The season a settlement was occupied varied from one activity to another and from one place to another – summer is good for grazing in many mountainous areas, but winter proved best for some industrial processes. While upland and mountainous settlements built of stone are easily recognised, those that use wood and more perishable materials are less obvious. Despite this, the settlements of nomadic pastoralists in both tundra and desert or of fishermen in the Baltic region are nonetheless identifiable. Yet for all that definitive recognition of seasonal settlement is rarely possible on archaeological grounds alone. Although material remains can be of particular importance, generally it is the combination of documentary information, ethnography, geographical context and palaeo-environmental data that provide frameworks for interpreting seasonal settlements.

Eikill, Rue, A. K., & Titlestad, T. (2022). Ågrip

Ågrip er den første kongesagaen som er nedtegnet på norrønt i Norge og har vært kilde og inspirasjon til senere sagaer, deriblant Fagerskinna og ikke minst Snorre Sturlasons Heimskringla. Boken gir en kort og lettlest oversikt over de viktigste og mest dramatiske begivenhetene knyttet til de norske sagakongene fra Harald Hårfagre til Harald Gille og hans sønner. Ågrip er et hendig praktverk innbundet i skinn med gullpreg og gullsnitt og fylt med flotte originale illustrasjoner. Flott gavebok! «Dette er lettleste, korte og spennende fortellinger. De kan leses av både kjennere og ikke-kjennere av norsk sagatradisjon.» - Aftenposten Historie ««Ågrip» er en lettlest saga der kongene får så krona passer.» - Vårt Land «...lettlest og litt av en pageturner til tider.» - Tine sin blogg "Det er selve sagaene, som farer gjennom 300 års norsk historie fra midt på 800-tallet, som fortjener oppmerksomhet. På velkjent sagavis fortelles det om rivalisering, mord og selvmord, allianser og svik i et ganske så nøkternt språk - og konger og jarler og dronninger og elskerinner fyker forbi i et heseblesende tempo." Aftenbladet Jon Gunnar Jørgensen har skrevet et interessant forord om verket, der man kan lære om Ågrips historie, skrivestil og dets innflytelse på senere sagaskrivere.

Nesse. (2021). Bergens fundas

Bergens Fundas forteller om Bergens historie fra før byen ble til, og frem til 1670-tallet. Den har ikke tidligere vært samlet som en bok i en enhetlig språkform. Her er irritasjon over hanseatene, beundring overfor Kristoffer Valkendorf, redsel for pest og krig - og en hel masse hverdagsopplevelser som ballstyrige fanger, kanonkuler på avveie og fuktige kongebesøk. Forfatterne tror fullt og fast på hekser og himmeltegn, og hygger seg med å spille på okser og skyte på trepapegøyer - der premien var en sølvskje og stoff til en bukse. Denne utgaven av Bergens Fundas er det nærmeste du kommer fortidens egen, bergenske fortellermåte. Originalteksten er modernisert, men fortellernes stemme er likevel tydelig. Agnete Nesse er professor i nordisk språkvitenskap ved Universitetet i Bergen. Hun har tidligere gitt ut ett av de tyske manuskriptene av Bergens Fundas, og er gjennom forskning på bergensdialektens historie blitt kjent med, og glad i de gamle kildetekstene fra byen, både de norske og de tyske. Hun har ansvaret for moderniseringen av teksten.

Klimscha, Wiggering, L., Grethe, R., Neumann, D., Weller, U., Michael Imhof Verlag, & Landesmuseum Hannover. (2022). Die Erfindung der Götter : Steinzeit im Norden : eine Ausstellung des Niedersächsischen Landesmuseums Hannover

In der Jungsteinzeit wurden die Weichen für unser heutiges Leben gestellt, denn die moderne Welt gäbe es nicht ohne die wichtigste Erfindung der Menschheit: die Landwirtschaft. Doch vielerorts lehnten die Menschen diese neue Wirtschaftsform zunächst ab, da sie mehr Arbeit, Krankheiten und neue Machtstrukturen mit sich brachte. Die Bewohner der norddeutschen Tiefebene waren besonders hartnäckig: Die ersten Bauern ließen sich vor 7.500 Jahren in dem Gebiet zwischen Harz und Heide nieder und konfrontierten die als Jäger und Sammler lebenden „Ureinwohner“ mit einer völlig neuen Lebensweise. Im heutigen Niedersachsen entstand eine Kontaktzone, in der sich zwei gänzlich unterschiedliche Gesellschaften über Jahrhunderte hinweg parallel entwickelten. Eine Annäherung erfolgte erst nach über eintausend Jahren, als die Landwirtschaft durch eine neue Religion legitimiert wurde. So sorgte die „Erfindung der Götter“ schließlich für den Untergang der ewigen Jagdgründe im Norden, an deren Stelle Felder, monumentale Grabanlagen und Kultplätze traten. In diesem Band zur Sonderausstellung im Landesmuseum Hannover beleuchten international ausgewiesene Experten diese spannende Episode der Vorgeschichte in 45 thematisch gegliederten Beiträgen.

Maritime Archaeology on Dry Land: Special Sites Along the Coasts of Britain and Ireland From the First Farmers to the Atlantic Bronze Age. (2022)

This book is about two islands off the coast of Continental Europe, the seas that surrounded them, and the ways in which they were used over a period of three thousand years. Instead of the usual emphasis on finds in the intertidal zone, it focuses on parts of Britain and Ireland where traces of the prehistoric shoreline survive above sea level. It explores a series of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age sites which were investigated in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and have been largely forgotten. These places were very different from the Iron Age ports and harbors studied in recent years. How can we identify these special sites, and what are the best ways of interpreting them?The book considers the evidence for travel by sea between the settlement of the earliest farmers and the long distance movement of metalwork. It emphasizes the distinctive archaeology of a series of coastal locations. Little of the information is familiar and some of the most useful evidence was recorded many years ago. It is supplemented by new studies of these places and the artifacts found there, as well as reconstructions of the prehistoric coastline. The book emphasizes the important role of 'enclosed estuaries', which were both sheltered harbors and special places where artifacts were introduced by sea. Other items were made there and exchanged with local communities. It considers the role played by these places in the wider pattern of settlement and their relationship to major monuments. The book describes how the character of coastal sites changed in parallel with developments in maritime technology and trade.The main emphasis is on Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages uses of the seashore, but the archaeology of the Middle and Later Bronze Age provides a source of comparison.

Ikehara-Tsukayama, & Vargas Ruiz, J. C. (2022). Global perspectives on landscapes of warfare

Copublished with Editorial de la Universidad del Magdalena Global Perspectives on Landscapes of Warfare examines the effects of conflict on landscapes and the ways landscapes have shaped social and political boundaries over time. Contributors from different archaeological traditions introduce a variety of methodologies and theories to understand and explain how territories and geographies in antiquity were modified in response to threat. Drawing from eleven case studies from periods ranging over eight thousand years in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, contributors consider how social groups moved and concentrated residences, built infrastructure, invested resources, created alliances and negotiated with human and nonhuman entities for aid, formed and reformed borders, and memorialized sites and territories. Because landscapes of warfare deal with built environments, chapters are presented with rich graphic documentation-detailed maps, site plans, and artifacts-to support the analysis and interpretations. Territories that have been appropriated and transformed by communities at war illustrate how built landscapes not only reflect immediate events but also influence subsequent generations. With a diverse array of case studies and an explicit focus on landscapes, Global Perspectives on Landscapes of Warfare will be of great interest to students and scholars of conflict archaeology and the anthropology and history of violence across the globe.

Hans Peter Hahn, Anja Klöckner, & Dirk Wicke. (2022). Values and Revaluations : The Transformation and Genesis of “Values in Things” From Archaeological and Anthropological Perspectives

Why are some things valuable while others are not? How much effort does it take to produce valuable objects? How can one explain the different appraisal of certain things in different temporal horizons and in different cultures? Cultural processes on how value is attached to things, and how value is re-established, are still little understood.The case studies in this volume, originating from anthropology and archaeology, provide innovative and differentiated answers to these questions. However, for all contributions there are some common basic assumptions. One of these concerns the understanding that it is rarely the value of the material itself that matters for high valuation, but rather the appreciation of the (assumed or constructed) origin of certain objects or their connection with certain social structures. A second of these shared insights addresses the ubiquity of phenomena of'value in things'. There is no society without valued objects. As a rule, valuation is something negotiated or even disputed. Value arises through social action, whereby it is always necessary to ask anew which actors are interested in the value of certain objects (or in their appreciation). This also works the other way round: Who are those actors who question corresponding objective values and why?

Knüsel, & Schotsmans, E. M. (2022). The Routledge handbook of archaeothanatology : bioarchaeology of mortuary behaviour

The Routledge Handbook of Archaeothanatology spans the gap between archaeology and biological anthropology, the field and laboratory, and between francophone and anglophone funerary archaeological approaches to the remains of the dead and the understanding of societies, past and present.

Killin, & Allen-Hermanson, S. (2021). Explorations in archaeology and philosophy: Vol. Volume 433

This volume explores various themes at the intersection of archaeology and philosophy: inference and theory; interdisciplinary connections; cognition, language and normativity; and ethical issues. Showcasing this heterogeneity, its scope ranges from the method of analogical inference to the evolution of the human mind; from conceptual issues in assessing the health of past populations to the ethics of cultural heritage tourism. It probes the archaeological record for evidence of numeracy, curiosity and creativity, and social complexity. Its contributors comprise an interdisciplinary cluster of philosophers, archaeologists, anthropologists, and psychologists, from a variety of career stages, of whom many are leading experts in their fields.

Kamba. (2022). Conservation Practices in Museums : For Researchers and Museum Professionals

The author introduces conservation science and management of cultural heritages in museums. In particular, a comprehensive conservation study and practical techniques are described. Aspects such as examination and diagnosis of cultural heritage by scientific data recording of humidity, luminosity, intensity of vibration and shock, among others, are introduced. Preventive and remedial conservation with X-ray imaging and X-ray fluorescence and other risk-control methods are also explained. The author provides basic theories based on a scientific view for the methods introduced in this book. They can be compared with those used at other museums, and readers can employ them to adapt and improve their methods. Today, maintaining smooth internal communication is key for scientists and curators with different academic backgrounds and from different departments working together on conservation projects at the museum.

The author addresses the current global trend of preserving rather than repairing cultural heritage at museums and emphasizes its importance.

Adriaens, & Dowsett, M. (2021). Spectroscopy, diffraction and tomography in art and heritage science

Spectroscopy, Diffraction and Tomography in Art and Heritage Science gives an overview of the main spectroscopy and diffraction techniques currently available for cultural heritage research. It starts with an introductory, general discussion of spectroscopy and diffraction and the kinds of information they can give. Further sections deal with, respectively, typical laboratory methods, mobile equipment, and large-scale instruments and infrastructural methods. The work concludes with comments on combining and comparing multiple techniques, sources of error, and limitations of the analytical methods

Gherardi, & Maravelaki, N.-P. (2022). Conserving stone heritage : traditional and innovative materials and techniques

The design of treatments for the conservation of stone in historical buildings and works of art is a challenging task, as a deep understanding of the working properties and performance of the available products and methods is required to tackle complex decay patterns.

The chapters in this book illustrate the state of the art on traditional and innovative materials and methods for stone conservation, examining current trends and future perspectives. Each of them is focused on describing the consequent phases that complement the spectrum of the conservation intervention: preliminary investigations, condition assessment, and mapping of the deterioration patterns; surface cleaning, with a specific focus on laser technology; consolidation; protection; repair mortars and grouts; and onsite assessment and monitoring of conservation treatments. The performance of the applied conservation interventions is criticized and discussed with an aim of providing the specialists with specific tools for stone conservation.  

This book intends to bridge the gap between laboratory studies and conservation interventions, by linking together the diverse scientific areas involved in the preservation of stone heritage. Different case studies are included, highlighting specific conservation challenges and their solutions in order to understand and overcome them. The aim is to guide conservators, conservation scientists and heritage stakeholders in the selection of compatible and sustainable materials and techniques for Conserving Stone Heritage.

Widlok, & Cruz, M. Dores. (2022). Scale Matters : The Quality of Quantity in Human Culture and Sociality 

Scale matters. When conducting research and writing, scholars upscale and downscale. So do the subjects of their work – we scale, they scale. Although scaling is an integrant part of research, we rarely reflect on scaling as a practice and what happens when we engage with it in scholarly work. The contributors aim to change this: they explore the pitfalls and potentials of scaling in an interdisciplinary dialogue. The volume brings together scholars from diverse fields, working on different geographical areas and time periods, to engage with scale-conscious questions regarding human sociality, culture, and evolution.

With contributions by Nurit Bird-David, Robert L. Kelly, Charlotte Damm, Andreas Maier, Brian Codding, Elspeth Ready, Bram Tucker, Graeme Warren and others.

Widlok, & Cruz, M. Dores. (2022). Scale Matters : The Quality of Quantity in Human Culture and Sociality 

This book examines the military histories of the regions beyond Western Europe in the pre-modern era. Existing works on global military history mainly focus on the western part of Eurasia after 1500 CE. As regards the ancient period, such works concentrate exclusively on Greece and Rome. So, 'global' military history is actually the triumphal story of the West from Classical Greece onwards. This volume focuses not only on the eastern part of Eurasia but also on South America, Africa and Australasia and seeks to explain the history and varied trajectories of warfare in non-Western regions in the pre-modern era. Further, it evaluates whether warfare in non-Western regions should be considered primitive or inferior when compared with Western warfare. The book notes that Western Europe became militarily significant only in the early modern era and argues that the military divergence that occurred during the early modern era is not unique - it had also occurred in the Bronze Age, the Classical era and in the medieval period. This was due to the dynamism and innovativeness of non-Western militaries and the interconnectedness that existed in parts of the Eurasian landmass. Further, those polities which were able to construct a balanced military force by synthesising diverse elements were not only able to survive but also became capable of projecting power across continents.

This book will be of much interest to students of military history, strategic studies and world history.