Nye bøker fra biblioteket på Arkeologisk museum

Andrews, B.N. and Macdonald, D.A. (2022) More than shelter from the storm: hunter-gatherer houses and the built environment.

The relationship of hunter-gatherer societies to the built environment is often overlooked or characterized as strictly utilitarian in archaeological research. Taking on deeper questions of cultural significance and social inheritance, this volume offers a more robust examination of houses as not only places of shelter but also of memory, history, and social cohesion within these communities.

Bringing together case studies from Europe, Asia, and North and South America, More Than Shelter from the Storm utilizes a diverse array of methodologies including radiocarbon dating, geoarchaeology, refitting studies, and material culture studies to reframe the conversation around hunter-gatherer houses. Discussing examples of built structures from the Pleistocene through Late Holocene periods, contributors investigate how these societies created a sense of home through symbolic decoration, ritual, and transformative interaction with the landscape.

Demonstrating that meaningful relationships with architecture are not limited to sedentary societies that construct permanent houses, the essays in this volume highlight the complexity of mobile cultures and demonstrate the role of place-making and the built environment in structuring their worldviews.

Elven, R. et al. (2022) Norsk flora. 8. utg.

Norsk flora har vore Noregs mest brukte vitskaplege flora dei siste 70 åra. Her finn ein alle dei meir enn 3500 artane av karplantar som er funne i landet, om lag 2500 av dei med identifikasjonsnøklar og omtale, opplysningar om økologi og utbreiing og kommentarar om systematikk. Norsk flora er den einaste floraen som inneheld nøklar: ein lettfatteleg steg-for-steg-metode for å kunne identifisere plantar presist. Boka dekkjer alle plantar som er funne viltveksande på fastlandet og dei arktiske øyane, både dei heimlege og dei framande plantane, og både dei som er medvite innførte, og dei som har kome utilsikta med menneskeleg aktivitet. Fleire forfattarar har vore med i arbeidet med denne utgåva. Storparten av dei artane som er omtala, er òg illustrerte. Boka inneheld om lag 3200 strekteikningar, og meir enn 400 av desse er nye for denne utgåva. Norsk flora har kome ut med ei ny utgåve om lag kvart tiande år sidan 1944 under ulike namn (Norsk flora, Norsk og svensk flora og Norsk, svensk, finsk flora). I denne 8. utgåva er det kome med meir enn 500 nye plantar som er funne eller i alle fall påviste dei siste åra.

Steinsholm, Åsmund et al. (2022) Control : Attempting to Tame the World.

Controlling animals is central to "civilization". So the story goes. But how much control do humans actually have? And how civilized are the ways we control animals? Industrial food production involves many forms of controlling animals that previously would have been unthinkable. These methods are justified by the stories we tell about civilization. This book takes as its starting point the exhibition Control: Attempting to Tame the World at the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo. In this exhibition, the objects displayed are engaged as material witnesses and storytellers from various worlds, times, and ways of thinking. This volume expands the interventions that Control makes regarding our foundational stories of human-animal relations. The chapters are written by academics drawing upon diverse experiences and various forms of knowledge about relations between species. The book includes examples from around the world and from earlier historical contexts in which animals can be seen as controlling human practices and beliefs. There are also plenty of examples of living together more respectfully, or in more intimate collaborative engagements. Extending the work of the exhibition, this book serves as a catalog while also drawing attention to what lies between and beyond the objects, such as power, controversy, and often discomfort. Through such means, in the face of global environmental and social challenges, the book ultimately offers opportunities for reflecting upon alternatives for the future.

Mitchell, R., Clifford, J. and Vasanthakumar, A. (2022) Cultural heritage microbiology : recent developments

This volume focuses on recent developments in the investigation of the role of microbes associated with historic materials. Contributions from world-renowned scientists describe the latest advancements in the role of microorganisms in the degradation, treatment and protection of cultural heritage materials and objects including ceramic tiles, stained glass, stone and wooden buildings, paintings and library materials. These developments range from the use of third-generation sequencing to detect organisms that are present in the microbiome of colonized parchment, to the ecological approaches being used to investigate microbial colonization of archaeological sites, to the use of bacteria to clean wall paintings. To conclude each section, we have included a synopsis of current research illustrating recent developments.

Graeber et al. (2022) Begynnelsen til alt : en ny fortelling om mennesket

Begynnelsen til alt argumenterer for en ny måte å tenke omkring menneskets historie på. I boka kommer forfatterne med tanker og hypoteser som utfordrer våre vanligste ideer om menneskets sosiale utvikling. Graeber og Wengrow viser hvordan slike teorier først dukket opp i det attende århundre som en reaksjon og kritikk av det europeiske samfunnet. Verden er mer kompleks og annerledes enn tidligere antatt, hevder de. Hvordan oppstod jordbruket, byene, demokratiet, ja selve den menneskelige sivilisasjonen? Dette er en monumental bok med formidabel intellektuell rekkevidde.

Ballin Smith, B. and Historic Scotland (2014) Between tomb and cist : the funerary monuments of Crantit, Kewing and Nether Onston, Orkney

‘Between Tomb and Cist' by archaeologist Beverley Ballin Smith reports on the Historic Scotland funded investigation of the funerary monuments of Crantit, Kewing and Nether Onston, Orkney. The Crantit site, in particular, thrilled archaeologists when it was uncovered by ploughing in a field not far from Kirkwall in 1998. The structure had lain hidden, untouched, for millennia and excavations quickly revealed that it was far more than a burial chamber.   Neolithic tombs in Orkney were designed with an almost standard set of architectural features; most of which seem to reflect a desire for visual prominence and display, such as at Maeshowe. In contrast, Crantit seems to reflect a change to a style of burial architecture that sought to move away from grand statements about the dead. It was constructed underground and almost hidden away in the earth.

Østergaard Sørensen, P., Dengsø Jessen, M. and Bendtsen, M.L. (2022) Gudme : Iron Age settlement and central halls

First of two volumes describing and interpreting the rich, high status Iron Age-Viking finds at Gudme, south-east Funen.

Roberts, A. (2022) Buried : an alternative history of the first millennium in Britain

Funerary rituals show us what people thought about mortality; how they felt about loss; what they believed came next. From Roman cremations and graveside feasts, to deviant burials with heads rearranged, from richly furnished Anglo Saxon graves to the first Christian burial grounds in Wales, Buried provides an alternative history of the first millennium in Britain. As she did with her pre-history of Britain in Ancestors, Professor Alice Roberts combines archaeological finds with cutting-edge DNA research and written history to shed fresh light on how people lived: by examining the stories of the dead.

Christophersen, A. and Hojem, Åge (2022) Tingenes tale

Ting tilbyr oss løsninger på praktiske problem, som å bruke brodder når det er glatt. Ting tilbyr oss sosiale muligheter som å kjøre en fin bil når vi vil dra til et sted langt unna. Ting som på denne måten gjør oss en tjeneste, er skapt for å løse utfordringer. Derfor er mennesker og ting knyttet sammen i et forhold vi ikke alltid forstår verdien av. Ting gir oss en annen tilgang til fortiden enn tekster, som ofte dreier seg om økonomi, politikk, innflytelsesrike personer, krig og konflikt. Tingene er direkte knyttet til hva mennesker gjør og har gjort, og til hvordan de har organisert seg i hverdagen - i familien og i samfunnet generelt. I "Tingenes tale" presenteres 25 ting fra både fjern og relativt nær fortid. Fortellingene handler om gjenstander som er funnet i Trondheims undergrunn, noen ved et tilfelle, andre som et resultat av systematiske arkeologiske undersøkelser. Arkeolog Axel Christophersen og fotograf Åge Hojem har fått tingene i tale. De er satt inn i en arkeologisk funnsammenheng, knyttet til historiske skriftlige kilder, og presentert i bilder som viser deres særpreg, form, funksjon og bruksmerker. Hvilken rolle har disse tingene spilt i hverdagslivet i Trondheim?

Kieckhefer, R. (2021) Magic in the middle ages

This revised and expanded edition surveys the growth and development of magic in medieval times. Examining its relationship with religion, science, philosophy, art, literature and politics, Richard Kieckhefer sheds light on the different types of magic that were used, the people who practiced it and the reasoning behind their beliefs.

Østrem, S. (2022) Å skrive akademisk : en veiviser for forskere. 2. utg.

Å skrive akademisk innebærer å orientere seg i et uoversiktlig og krevende landskap. Denne boka er et forsøk på å stake ut en kurs, peke på mulige veier og identifisere snublesteiner. Forfatteren tar for seg spørsmål knyttet til formålet med skrivingen og diskuterer hva som kjennetegner et godt akademisk språk. I boka rettes oppmerksomheten mot etiske, metodiske, politiske og praktiske dimensjoner ved forskeres skrivearbeid. Boka tematiserer blant annet spørsmål som formålet med å skrive, kjennetegn ved et presist fagspråk, etterrettelig henvisnings-skikk, formulering av forskningsspørsmål og ansvarlig bruk av kilder. Dette er emner som behandles i mange bøker. Forskjellen her er at Østrem gjør det på en mer grunnleggende og mindre lærebokaktig måte. Boka anbefales for alle som skriver faglige tekster, ikke bare for forskere. Dessuten anbefales den for lesere av faglige tekster. Sjelden finner man så mye innsikt i en bok på bare litt over hundre sider. Hallvard Håstein, Spesialpedagogikk 4/2021 Østrem ønsker å lage en poetikk for akademiske tekster og stiller viktige spørsmål om hvordan en god forskertekst skal være. Hun understreker at skrivingen skaper innsikt, og at skriving er en vitenskapelig metode for de fagene hun tar utgangspunkt i. Hennes egen tekst er forbilledlig når det gjelder godt språk, flyt og ryddighet. Hun sier selv: «Et presist språk er så enkelt som mulig og så komplisert som nødvendig». Det burde broderes i korssting og henges over sengen! Sissel Lie, Prosa 2/2021 I denne reviderte utgaven av Å skrive akademisk er alle referanser til de forskningsetiske retningslinjene, som kom i ny utgave 2021, oppdatert.

Colombini, M.P., Degano, I. and Nevin, A. (2022) Analytical chemistry for the study of paintings and the detection of forgeries

Forgeries present a daunting problem to art historians, museums, galleries and curators who face challenges in determining the authenticity of paintings. Recent progress in science has led to the development of new methods for investigating works of art, and can provide new insights into the materials found in paintings. The rise in the value of paintings together with the knowledge and skills of forgers highlights the need to develop reliable scientific procedures to identify fakes. Given the complexity of materials in paintings and the convergence of various disciplines, a methodological approach for nvestigations of paintings is based on art historical, curatorial, aesthetic, technical and scientific evaluation.

In this book sophisticated digital and analytical techniques are reviewed for the identification of materials (pigments, binders, varnishes, adhesives) and the physical characteristics of paintings such as brushstrokes, craquelure and canvas weaves.

This book presents an updated overview of both non-invasive and micro-invasive techniques that enable the material characterization of paintings. The materials constituting a painting are reviewed, as are ways that changes in materials over time can provide insights into chronology and physical history. State-of the art digital metods including multi and hyper-spectral imaging and computational approaches to data treatment will be presented. Analytical techniques developed and optimized to characterize binders, varnishes, and pigments are reviewed, focusing on materials which can provide information on ageing or provenance. Case studies of applications of synchrotron-based methods and the analysis of paintings are given, as are chapters devoted to legal aspects related to authenticity.

Cadamarteri, J.P., Reed, I.W. and Pedersen, B.A. (2022) Torvet i Trondheim

Det meste av middelalderens Trondheim lå øst for Nordre gate i nord og øst for Munkegata i sør. Området vest for disse gatene som vi i dag kjenner som Torvet, var stort sett dekket av åker og eng. Historien til området hvor Torvet ligger i dag, er blitt avdekket og undersøkt lag for lag. Sommeren 2020 ble det nye Torvet i Trondheim offisielt åpnet. Det arkeologiske feltarbeidet hadde da pågått i seks år. Det var ikke kjent noen middelaldersk bebyggelse på Torvet, men til gjengjeld viste historiske dokumenter, kart og tidligere funn at området var bebygd før bybrannen i 1681. Et av de viktigste spørsmålene ble dermed å finne ut når området ble bebygd og hvilke aktiviteter som hadde foregått der. I denne boka får du vite områdets og Torvets historie. Forfatterne oppsummerer utgravningene og omtaler noen av de mange funnene som ble gjort i løpet av undersøkelsene. Samlet viser funnene fra utgravningene på Torvet et snitt av historien på stedet, fra bosetningen på Nidarneset startet i eldre jernalder til byen vokste frem der og utviklingen frem til moderne tid. Hvem bodde på Torvet i Trondheim? Hva gjorde de her? Hvilke bygninger sto her? Det offentlige rommet på Torvet brukes av alle i byen, og historien til Torvet er en del av vår felles kulturarv. Nå er funnene og resultatene fra det arkeologiske prosjektet tilgjengelig i denne boka.

Amkreutz, L.W.S.W. and Vaart-Verschoof, S.van der (2022) Doggerland : lost world under the North sea

This popular-science book tells the story of one of the most important, but least known major archaeological sites in Europe: Doggerland. Few people know that the beaches along the North Sea lie on the edge of a vast lost world. A prehistoric landscape that documents almost a million years of human habitation and lay dry for most of that time.

Doggerland is where early hominids left the first footprints in northern Europe, more than 900,000 years ago. Later, for hundreds of thousands of years, it was the scene of ice ages. A world of woolly mammoths and rhinoceroses, horses and reindeer and the successful Neanderthals who hunted them, including Krijn: the first Neanderthal from Doggerland.

At the end of the last Ice Age, the first modern humans also left their traces here, including the famous Leman-and-Ower-Banks spearhead – the first documented Doggerland find – and some of the oldest art in the region. With the onset of the Holocene, our current era, Doggerland’s inhabitants were increasingly confronted with climate change and rising sea levels, just as we are today.

The Mesolithic hunter-gatherers lived in a rich, but constantly changing world – to which they successfully adapted. Ongoing submergence and a huge tsunami around 6150 BC marked the beginning of the end. A few centuries later, the last islands disappeared under the waves and with them the story of Doggerland was lost in time. This book brings this vanished world back to the surface.

Harrison, D. (2022) Tusen år i Uppåkra : en järnåldersmetropols uppgång och fall

I Uppåkra utanför Lund breder odlingsfälten ut sig över den skånska slätten. Men i över tusen år fanns här ett rikt maktcentrum stort som en stad, med hövdingahall, tempel och mängder av hantverkshus och gårdar. Det var en unik plats i den skandinaviska järnålderns historia, betydligt större än de mer kända Birka och Hedeby, med långväga kontakter ut i världen. Än har bara ett par promille av området grävts ut, ändå har fantastiska fynd hittats som förändrar vår syn på historien.

I "Tusen år i Uppåkra" berättar Dick Harrison om staden som försvann och föll i glömska och ger samtidigt en levande bild av livet i Norden, så som det såg ut på sagornas och hjältedikternas tid - från förromersk järnålder till vikingatid.

Østigård, T. and Kaliff, A. (2021) Vinter og vår i vannets verden : Arkeologi om økologi og jordbrukskosmologi

Den nordiske vinteren har dominert og definert alle jordbrukssamfunn i det kalde nord fra tidenes morgen. Kontinuiteten fra innhøstingen gjennom vinter og vår til årets nye vekstsesong var den viktigste kilden til liv. Vannets verden var ritualisert hvor de store ofringene fant sted i forhold til årstidssyklusene. Den hjemlige kulten rundt høytidene hadde som mål å aktivere og intensivere immanente makter i naturen, som kunne overvinne vinterens kalde jerngrep. I vannets kilder og jordens fruktbare grunn lå krefter og forfedre som spiste snøen og vinteren nedenfra lenge før vårsolen smeltet snø og frost. Fossefall og spesielle kilder frøs aldri til is selv på de kaldeste vinterdagene. Disse underjordiske kildene med livgivende strømmer og motstridende natur, som beviste at de var sterkere enn den mektigste og forødende kulden, var kjernen i kult og kosmologi. I denne verden av vann var ofringer av mennesker og dyr ekstreme ritualer hvor bønder forsøkte å aktivere og kontrollere enda mektigere makter.

Dickey, A. et al. (2022) Exploring ancient textiles : pushing the boundaries of established methodologies

A reflection on the status and development of current analytical methodology and its applicability within the wider textile field.

Argent, G. and Vaught, J. (2022) The Relational Horse : How Frameworks of Communication, Care, Politics and Power Reveal and Conceal Equine Selves

Human-horse relationships take the central place in this edited collection examining the horse’s perspective by asking: How are human-equine relationships communicated, enacted, understood, encouraged, and restricted? The contributors apply varied disciplinary methods as they emphasize comprehending horses not solely in terms of their functional uses, but also as impactful participants in relationships, whether more—or less—equally. By exploring the “who” of horses, The Relational Horse offers a better understanding of horses’ lived experiences and interests within the worlds they share with humans, and a way forward for human-equine studies that more equitably represents the horse in those shared worlds.

Henry, A.G. (2020) Handbook for the Analysis of Micro-Particles in Archaeological Samples

This handbook provides a resource for those already familiar with some kinds of micro-particles who wish to learn more about others, or for those just starting out in the study of microremains who wish to have a broad understanding about microscopic archaeology. Topics covered in this handbook include diatom microfossils, starch granules, pollen grains, phytoliths, natural fibers, volcanic glass, minerals, insect remains, and feathers.

Aoki, S. (2021) Conservation and painting techniques of wall paintings on the ancient Silk Road

This book presents recent research on ancient Silk Road wall paintings, providing an up-to-date analysis of their coloring materials and techniques, and of developments in efforts to preserve them.

The destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas in 2001 encouraged international collaboration between conservation research institutes to study and protect the Silk Road’s painted heritage. The collaborations led to exciting new discoveries of the rich materials used in wall painting, including diverse pigments and colorants, and various types of organic binding media. In addition, comparative research across the region revealed shared painting practices that indicate the sophisticated exchange of technologies and ideas. In parallel with these advances in technical understanding, greater awareness and sensitivity has been fostered in endeavors to preserve this fragile heritage.

Álvarez-Martí-Aguilar, M. and Machuca Prieto, F. (2022) Historical Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula

Research on historical earthquakes and tsunamis in the Iberian Peninsula has made great strides in recent years, from diverse scientific fields ranging from geology to archaeology. In addition to the famous earthquake and tsunami of 1755, which intensely affected the peninsula, researchers are conducting a growing number of surveys and case studies on seismic episodes and extreme wave events of possible tsunamigenic origin in Portugal and Spain during the ancient, medieval, and modern eras. However, the development of these studies has suffered due to a certain lack of communication among the different fields of research, which are focused on their own methodologies and interests. The aim of this book is to promote interdisciplinary dialogue by linking the results of the most recent research into historical earthquakes and tsunamis in Iberia from the fields of geology, history and archaeology. The volume, which devotes special attention to tsunamis and to events that occurred in the Iberian Peninsula before 1755, offers synthetic insights, updates, and case studies of maximum interest for knowledge of the historical seismology of Portugal and Spain.

Tilling, R.I. (2022) Complexity in tsunamis, volcanoes, and their hazards

This volume of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Editionis an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the basic tenets of complexity and systems theory, as well as the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems, to the prediction, monitoring, and evaluation of earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Early warning, damage, and the immediate response of human populations to these extreme environmental events are also covered from the point of view of complexity and nonlinear systems. In authoritative, state-of-the art articles, world experts in each field apply such complexity tools and concepts as fractals, cellular automata, solitons game theory, network theory, and statistical physics to an understanding of these complex geophysical phenomena.

Ulanowska, A. (2022) Ancient textile production from an interdisciplinary perspective : humanities and natural sciences interwoven for our understanding of textiles

The diverse developments in textile research of the last decade, along with the increased recognition of the importance of textile studies in adjacent fields, now merit a dedicated, full-length publication entitled “Ancient Textile Production from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Humanities and Natural Sciences Interwoven for our Understanding of Textiles”. With this volume, the authors and the editors wish to illustrate to the current impact of textile archaeology on the scholarly perception of the past (not limited to archaeology alone). The volume presents new insights into the consumption, meaning, use and re-use of textiles and dyes, all of which are topics of growing importance in textile research. As indicated by the title, we demonstrate the continued importance of interdisciplinarity by showcasing several ‘interwoven’ approaches to environmental and archaeological remains, textual and iconographic sources, archaeological experiments and ethnographic data, from a large area covering Europe and the Mediterranean, Near East, Africa and Asia. The chronological span is deliberately wide, including materials dating from c. 6th millennium BCE to c. mid-14th century CE.

Rahmstorf, ‎Lorenz et al. (2017) First Textiles : The Beginnings of Textile Production in Europe and the Mediterranean

 Textile production and the manufacture of clothing was one of the most essential daily activities in prehistory. Textiles were significant objects of practical use, and at the same time had cultural, social and symbolic meaning, crucial for displaying the identity, gender, social rank and status, or wealth of their users. However, evidence of ancient clothing is scarce due to unfavourable preservation of organic materials. Only occasionally are prehistoric textiles and associated implements preserved, mainly as a result of exceptional environmental conditions, such as waterlogged contexts like bogs, or in very dry or cold climates. In other cases textiles are sporadically mineralised, carbonised or preserved by metal corrosion. Textiles and leather can also be visible as imprints on clay. The beginning of textile manufacture is still vague, but can be traced back to the upper Palaeolithic. Important developments in textile technology, e.g. weaving, spinning with a spindle, introduction of wool, appeared in Europe and the Mediterranean throughout the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age.

French, C. (2022) Human Transformation of the Earth

This book charts and explains how human activities have shaped and altered the development of soils in many parts of the world, taking advantage of five decades of soil analytical work in many archaeological landscapes from around the globe. The core of this volume describes and illustrates major transformations of soils and the processes involved in these that have occurred during the Holocene and how these relate to human activities as much as natural causes and trajectories of development, right up to the present day. This is done in two ways: first by examining a number of major processes and impacts on the landscape such as Holocene warming and the development of woodland, clearance and agricultural activities, and second by examining the trajectories of these changes in soil systems in different palaeo-environmental situations in several diverse parts of the world. The transformations identified are relevant to prevalent themes of today such as over-development and soil, land and environmental degradation and resilience.

Gaydarska (2022) Megasites in Prehistoric Europe: Where Strangers and Kinsfolk Met

This book is about some of the largest sites known in prehistoric Europe - sites so vast that they often remain undiscussed for lack of the theoretical or methodological tools required for their understanding. The authors use a relational, comparative approach to identify not only what made megasites but also what made them so special and large.